In the context of
spaceflight, a
satellite is an
object which has been placed into
orbit by
human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called
artificial satellites to distinguish them from
natural satellites such as the
Moon.
The first artificial satellite,
Sputnik 1, was launched by the
Soviet Union in
1957. Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched into orbit around the Earth. These originate from more than 50 countries and have used the satellite launching capabilities of ten nations. A few hundred satellites are currently operational, whereas thousands of unused satellites and satellite fragments orbit the Earth as
space debris. A few
space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
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